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The dangers of buying 'smoosh' faced dogs, Dr Katrina Warren explains

By Katrina Warren|

Dogs with flat faces, characterised by a shortened head and snout, are called Brachycephalic dogs.??

Brachycephalic dogs have several physical traits including a wide head, a short, blunt muzzle, and often their lower jaw is much longer than their upper jaw. They may also have large, round eyes.?

These include pugs, Boston terriers, boxers, French bulldogs, and cavalier King Charles spaniels, mastiffs and bulldogs. They all have a characteristic "smooshed" face.

These dogs have been bred to comply with breed standards that have, unfortunately focused on physical traits, not the dog's health.

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French bulldogs are also a very expensive breed with prices ranging from $3000 to an extreme $8000. (Getty Images/iStockphoto)

While they can be adorable and some are popular breeds, their unique facial structure means that brachycephalic dogs are also prone to several health problems.

Here are five of the most common:

1. Respiratory issues

Brachycephalic dogs often have narrow nostrils and an elongated soft palate, which can make it difficult for them to breathe. They may cough, snore loudly, or make snorting or snuffling sounds while breathing, and may be prone to respiratory infections. They may not be able to play or exercise normally.?

2. Eye problems

Their flat heads often have shallow eye sockets. As a result, their eyes often protrude. While many people are drawn to the 'pop-eyed' appearance, their eyes are prone to injury and may also develop eye infections or other problems. Some dogs may require multiple surgeries, while others require lifelong eye medication.?

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Pet pug in a veterinary clinic
While Pugs are generally low maintenance pets, itกฏs important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of the most common health problems. (iStockphoto)

3. Dental problems ?

Brachycephalic breeds have the same number of teeth as other dogs, but they are crowded into a narrow space, so they are more prone to dental issues, including tooth loss and periodontal disease. Their abnormal jaw structure may cause difficulty eating.

4. Skin problems

?Due to breeding, these dogs often have folds of skin on the face and neck that can harbour moisture, fungi, and bacteria, leading to skin irritation and infections and a life of constant itching.?

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Portrait of a happy dog. Animal photography. King Charles Spaniel.
These dogs may overheat easily and are prone to suffering heat stroke. (iStock)

5. Heat intolerance?

Brachycephalic dogs may also have difficulty panting due to the structure of their mouths จC they have an elongated soft palate that blocks a lot of the air coming into their mouth. As panting is the way dogs cool themselves down, this restriction means these dogs overheat easily and are prone to suffering heat stroke.

Potential owners of brachycephalic dogs need to be aware of the health issues that arise from their exaggerated physical features. Many of these dogs will require specialised veterinary care throughout their life, so please research what may be involved to avoid potential heartache and expense down the track.

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